Effect of aeration on lignin peroxidase production by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A

The effect of aeration on lignin peroxidase production by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A was studied in a bench-scale bioreactor using a previously optimized growth medium (0.65% yeast extract and 0.1% corn oil, pH7.0) at 37°C and natural pH. Airflow rates of 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm and a fixed agitation of 200 rpm were initially studied followed by 1.0 vvm and 200, 300, 400, and 500 rpm. The use of 1.0 vvm and 400 rpm increased enzyme concentration 1.8-fold (100–180 U/L) and process productivity 4.8-fold (1.4–6.7 U/[L·h]) in comparison with the use of 200 rpm and 0.3 vvm. The inexpensive corn oil, used as carbon source, besides its antifoam properties, proved to be nonrepressive for enzyme production.     

Diminished Respirative Growth and Enhanced Assimilative Sugar Uptake Result in Higher Specific Fermentation Rates by the MutantPichia stipitis FPL-061

A mutant strain ofPichia stipitis, FPL-061, was obtained by selecting for growth on L-xylose in the presence of respiratory inhibitors. The specific fermentation rate of FPL-061, was higher than that of the parent,Pichia stipitis CBS 6054, because of its lower cell yield and growth rate and higher specific substrate uptake rate. With a mixture of glucose and xylose, the mutant strain FPL-061 produced 29.4 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.42 g ethanol/g sugar consumed. By comparison, CBS 6054 produced 25.7 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.35 gJg. The fermentation was most efficient at an aeration rate of 9.2 mmoles O₂ L^-1 h^-1. At high aeration rates (22 mmoles O₂ L^-1 h^-1), the mutant cell yield was less than that of the parent. At low aeration rates, (1.1 to 2.5 O₂ L^-1 h^-1), cell yields were similar, the ethanol formation rates were low, and xylitol accumulation was observed in both the strains. Both strains respired the ethanol once sugar was exhausted. We infer from the results that the mutant, P.stipitis FPL-061, diverts a larger fraction of its metabolic energy from cell growth into ethanol production.     

Assessment of various carbon sources and nutrient feeding strategies for Panax ginseng cell culture

Ginseng (root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cells were cultivated on medium supplemented with various carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, and fructose, at initial concentrations ranging from 10 to 110 g/L. Sucrose was shown to be the superior carbon source to the monosaccharides for ginseng cell growth and the optimal concentration was between 30 and 50 g/L. An increase in the initial concentration within this range increased the maximum cell density and growth index significantly, whereas much higher concentrations inhibited cell growth. Feeding of sucrose and some other medium components during the growth (fed-batch mode) was more effective in enhancing the cell growth and biomass productivity, increasing the growth index by more than 60–70% and biomass productivity by more than 50%.     

生产率差异与企业对外直接投资进入模式选择

基于企业异质性视角,借鉴演化博弈理论探究企业通过OFDI“走出去”时的跨国并购方和标的方在全要素生产率上的差异对企业OFDI进入策略选择的影响机制。利用Hotelling模型构造资本密集型企业与劳动密集型企业OFDI进入策略选择博弈模型,讨论两类企业OFDI进入方式决策在并购双方生产率差异变化之下的变迁机理。研究发现:当并购方和被并购方生产率差异较小时,市场达到两类企业都倾向于跨国并购策略的演化稳定状态;当并购双方生产率差异较大时,企业的生产要素密集度及其结构对其OFDI进入模式决策具有重要的作用,知识或技术密集度较高的资本密集型企业与综合实力强势的部分劳动密集型企业采取跨国并购战略,而另一部分劳动密集型企业选择绿地新建方式进入国际市场。即企业OFDI进入策略选择因其所属的行业生产要素密集度及其结构不同而具有差异性。研究结论在一定程度上弥补了现有研究的不足,为以后的研究工作提供一定的理论参考。     

包络半群与拓扑动力学中的接近关系

运用包络半群的理论，对接近关系中一个重要定理给出了一个简单证明．作为这一定理的应用，我们得到接近关系可乘性的一个结果．并且对另一种接近关系，也得到一个结果．这两个定理减弱了Ｃｌａｙ在这一领域中两个定理的条件．     

Universal Margin Factors and Selection Criteria in Variable Environment

For nonautonomous dynamical systems, the principle of inheriting local properties by global Poincaré maps is developed. Using this method, a selection criterion for systems of close competitors is found: to gain competitive advantage, it suffices to outproduce other populations with a margin. The margin factor in question remains uniformly bounded as the number of competitors in the community grows.     

考虑基岩向井筒供气的气藏压裂水平井产能预测模型

基于等效井径模型,综合考虑各裂缝不同参数、裂缝变质量入流和井筒变质量流动等因素的影响,建立并求解了基岩和压裂缝同时向井筒供气的井筒与气藏耦合的压裂水平井产能预测模型.研究分析了压裂水平井产能敏感因素.结果表明:压裂水平井的产能随裂缝条数、裂缝半长、裂缝间距的增加而增加;为获得较高的产能,压裂时应尽可能保持裂缝与井筒垂直;压裂缝条数一定时,裂缝越长、间距越大,压裂缝产能贡献越大,而裂缝越短、间距越小时,基岩向井筒供气的贡献越大,压裂缝贡献相对较小.研究成果为气藏压裂水平井设计提供了科学依据.     

非均质气藏水平井三维渗流的产能预测方法

建立了非均质气藏水平井三维渗流产能预测的数学模型,采用有限元方法对其进行求解,求解时将地质模型区块中不同空间位置处的渗透率值以及其它气藏物性参数分别布置到有限元模型的相应位置处的网格中,从而体现了三维空间中气藏的非均质特性.分析了非均质性对气藏水平井产能的影响.结果表明,气藏的非均质性对水平井的产气量影响很大,在相同的生产压差下,存在高渗透带的气藏水平井产量明显高于均质气藏水平井的产量;高渗透带条数越多、渗透率越大,导致气藏内压力消耗越小,水平井产量越高.最后,结合松辽盆地徐深层气田的地质特点和储层特性,给出了该气田的水平井产能预测实例.研究方法符合气藏的实际情况,为气藏水平井,特别是非均质气藏水平井的产能预测提供了一种行之有效的方法.     

Measuring efficiency and productivity in professional football teams: evidence from the English Premier League

Professional football clubs are unusual businesses, their performance judged on and off the field of play. This study is concerned with measuring the efficiency of clubs in the English Premier League. Information from clubs’ financial statements is used as a measure of corporate performance. To measure changes in efficiency and productivity the Malmquist non-parametric technique has been used. This is derived from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear programming approach, with Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) being used to ensure the cohesion of the input–output variables. The study concludes that while clubs operate close to efficient levels for the assessed models, there is limited technological advance in their performance in terms of the displacement of the technological frontier. The research was supported by the Investigation Program of the Technical University of Cartagena (Spain) and by the Department of Sports Studies at the University of Stirling (Scotland, UK).     

Productivity optimization of microalgae cultivation in a batch photobioreactor process

We address the question of mean biomass volumetric productivity optimization, which originates from the simplification of dynamics of microalgae in a batch bioreactor process with light incidence. In particular, the stability of the model is analyzed, some optimality necessary conditions for the nonsmooth optimization problem obtained through the inclusion of different photoperiods are studied, and the model is applied in the particular case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae to validate our results.